Fecklessness Less

                               Grandmaster Wabu Young, with Great Grandmaster Wu Jianquan

          Wabu Young was the teacher of Master Stephen Hwa, who is my teacher   

Wu Jianquan was the Great Grandfather of Master Wu Kwong Yu (Eddie Wu was my teacher in Toronto Canada for a number of years and I became one of his first chosen disciples).  Wu Jianquan was an officer in the Chinese Imperial Palace Guard and taught the Guard along with Chinese Military.  Wu taught Young the "Small Circle" aka "Small Frame"  of which this Blog entails.  Although 5' 3" tall, Grandmaster Young was next in line for Master status of Gan Style Pek kwar Monkey boxing when he made the decision to study with Wu Jianquan (Wu Chien Chuan).  The study according to Grandmaster Young went on "night and day" at Young's home in Hong Kong, all of which took place during the years of Japanese invasion.

Correct Body Structure 

a video

 In my opinion: The sheer number and variety of styles, books, and videos with "feckless" talk on how to get "internal” in Tai Chi is a testament to the unfulfilled desperation of the search for it. What a great word: "feckless," and we can thank the Scottish and British for it (effects + less). In my opinion: Taking the time, as Master Stephen Hwa does in Classical Tai Chi, to explain how to "get it" shows that he cares about students, that they're important, and that what he wanted to communicate is also very important.  Master Stephen Hwa said his teacher Wabu Young could not understand why so many students are so feckless in their study of Tai Chi.

That is from many years of Tai Chi study, insights gained through observation, and an appreciation for the word "feckless," which I think fits this context perfectly. Meaning "lacking initiative or strength of character; irresponsible or ineffective," it accurately captures the hollow, superficial instruction that leaves so many practitioners feeling stuck.

The search for internal energy (Jin/Qi) in Tai Chi often turns into a wild goose chase because it is an internal sensation that cannot easily be seen from the outside. When teachers rely on vague, mystical, or "feckless" poetry without mechanical breakdowns, it leaves students in unfulfilled desperation.

Master Stephen Hwa, Ph.D (who while working for Xerox Corp. gained patents of his own on numerous mechanical devices) is highly regarded precisely because he demystifies the practice by focusing on:

• Internal Discipline: Breaking down the specific movements of the internal organs, spine, and core (specifically the Dan Tian).

• Logical Mechanics: Moving away from abstract mysticism and instead explaining the biomechanics, leverage, and muscle releases required actually to feel and apply internal power.

• Student-Centric Teaching: Spending the effort to articulate how to achieve these states, which proves a genuine dedication to preserving the art and respecting the student's time and energy.

By providing a clear, reproducible roadmap rather than leaving students to guess in the dark, teachers like him bridge the gap between "talking" about internal power and actually cultivating it.

I hope you are currently studying Classical Tai Chi, If you subscribe I can answer comments or questions and can help look into specific biomechanical concepts Master Hwa teaches, or look up instructional materials and breakdowns of his internal discipline techniques. What specific aspect of his teaching has resonated most with your practice?

“Footwork” is not foot work!

 

FOOT WORK Video 

“In Classical Tai Chi the footwork is very involved” Master Stephen Hwa. 

 

In Classical Tai Chi, footwork isn't really about your legs—it is about your core. Instead of using your leg muscles to step or cross over, every movement starts deep in your abdomen and back.

Think of your core as the control center. When you want to take a step, you don't just lift your leg; you engage your center to lift your pelvis, which naturally brings your leg up with it. 

 

Your upper body stays completely still and relaxed. As you step forward, your pelvis lowers until your foot is flat on the floor. Once your sole touches the ground, your internal core muscles smoothly pull your entire body forward into the next stance.

In Classical Tai Chi, as you see in the video, do not shift any body weight onto the foot that is stepping until you place the foot securely on the ground. Establish a solid connection before moving any weight forward.

This is describing one of the most fundamental principles of classical Tai Chi footwork: maintaining an empty and full foot while ensuring absolute stability before transferring your weight. 

The Mechanics of Stepping

Empty Step: As you shift your weight into one leg (making it the "full" leg), the other leg becomes "empty" and entirely free of weight. 

Reach: You extend the empty foot gently outward—most often placing the heel down first. 

Root: Flatten that leading foot before shifting your body weight forward. 

Weight Shift: Once you have a secure connection with the lead foot, shift your weight. 

The Role of Toes 

Connecting with the floor evenly distributes your weight across the heel, the ball of the foot, and the base of the toes. This activates what is often translated as "Bubbling Well," located on the sole near the base of the second and third toes, which is critical for rooting your energy. 

Sense the ground contact with the bottom of the foot and DO NOT forcefully tighten and/or claw the ground with the toes. Tensing the feet or toes too tightly can lock the ankle and raise your overall body weight, which defeats the purpose of sinking and rooting. Think of it as a "suction cup," or a relaxed, heavy spreading of the sole against the floor. 

Enough Pain to Quit

 

                                                     

Square Form

an instruction video

 

Welcome!

 

Subject: 

 Why the Square Form Practice is the Ultimate Shield Against Knee Pain (Chondromalacia Patellae, which is what I suffered and was diagnosed with after doing “other tai chi” for only 1 1/2 years, in, ahem, 19_ _.)

Hi everyone,

Ever wonder why Classical Tai Chi Square Form is so meticulous, distinct, and block-like? It isn't just an educational blueprint—it is a highly scientific shield for your joints, specifically designed to prevent chondromalacia of the patella (runner's knee).

Chondromalacia of the patella, as a Sports Medicine M.D. told me, is caused by the kneecap tracking out of alignment, grinding against the cartilage, softening it, and creating pain. Pain enough to want to quit all Tai Chi. This usually happens due to two errors: knee buckling (inward twisting) and over-extension.

Quite honestly, Master Stephen Hwa is the only teacher out of 5 over the “other tai chi” first 25 years to now in the second 23 to give empathy and explicit attention to how, why, and what my stance is doing. Sadly informative, but he visited me and visited the “other”.  In a conversation, he confirmed what I had painfully learned. No one corrected beginners when it was obvious their derrières were sticking out all over the place. A setup for knee injury!

Here is exactly how the Square Form fixes this:

No Simultaneous Twisting and Loading:

In the Square Form, we never turn the hips while transitioning weight across a bent knee. Weight shifts and rotations are strictly separated. The knee stays safely locked in its "hinge" plane.

Flawless Tracking:

Because every step has a clear beginning, middle, and end, we can consciously verify that the kneecap's center is pointing precisely toward the toes. This balanced tracking stops cartilage wear dead in its tracks.

Offloading Joint Pressure to the Core:

By cultivating internal discipline and using quarter-body mechanics, we learn to move from our core and hips rather than relying on our knees as brakes or levers.

Let's keep paying close attention to the stillness, that “pause” between  transitions this week. It is exactly where your knees are being protected and rebuilt!

Happy training,

Jim

Neuromuscular Re-education

 

Walking is “Premier” 

(”Classical Tai Chi Walking Exercise”, a Master Stephen Hwa video)

In Classical Tai Chi (specifically the Small Frame/Small Circle Wu Style), "Internal Discipline" serves as a bridge to connect with the long-neglected nervous system of the torso. 

Most people operate using a "top-down" approach, relying entirely on the motor cortex to move external extremities, such as the arms and shoulders. Because we rarely isolate or consciously control the deep, intrinsic muscles of our abdomen, back, and spine, the neural pathways to these regions remain largely dormant or "neglected". 

Classical Tai Chi methodology awakens this part of the central nervous system through a highly structured neuromuscular re-education process. 

1. Intense Inward Focus and Neuromuscular Control 

To initiate a true internal movement, a beginner cannot rely on habit. They must focus their mind intensely inward to find and activate hidden muscle groups. For example, instead of pushing a hand forward using the shoulder and arm (an external movement), Classical Tai Chi dictates that the arm and shoulder remain relaxed and completely stationary relative to each other. The entire upper quarter of the body is instead pushed forward by pressing the abdominal muscles back and engaging the deep back muscles. This demanding neuromuscular coordination forces the brain to build entirely new neural pathways to the torso.

2. The Yin-Yang Junction Exercise

According to Stephen Hwa, every true internal movement relies on a physical counterpart of opposite nature: a moving part (Yang) working against a stationary part (Yin) that provides the structural support. 

• The Torso as the Anchor: The biological junction where Yin and Yang meet is always located within the torso (the waist or the upper-quarter body).
• Neural Feedback Loop: By keeping one part of the torso completely still while another micro-moves, the practitioner registers an intense, localized sensation of stretching and energy circulation. This precise mechanical tension sends a clear, powerful stream of sensory feedback up the spinal canal to the brain, mapping out areas of the body that were previously "numb" to our awareness. 

3. Micro-Movements of the Spine and Vertebrae

In many standard Tai Chi practices, the torso moves as one rigid block. Master Hwa's training teaches isolated movements along individual vertebrae, such as "folding" the spine, in which one side of the spine folds inward while the other remains anchored. Operating at this level of physical detail requires and develops an incredibly fine-tuned degree of motor-nerve control over the axial skeleton and paraspinal muscles.

4. Shifting from a "Pushing" to a "Pulling" Walking Model 

The nervous system of the lower torso is heavily impacted by how we walk. Standard walking relies on "pushing" our body mass forward, which often jams the lower joints, tightens the fascia, and irritates nerves (like the sciatic nerve).

• Classical Tai Chi Walk forces the body to stay straight and step out without shifting weight forward yet.
• Once the foot touches the ground, the practitioner uses the deep core and abdominal muscles to pull the pelvis and body weight forward.
• This pulling action decompresses the spine, opens up dense tissue, and relieves chronic nerve compression in the lower back and torso.

5. Transitioning to Subconscious Mastery

It takes time, but "bottom-up" practice becomes habitual. You had to slow down your mental concentration to reach complete reliance on the subconscious. At this stage, the practitioner no longer has to "think" about moving from their core; the nervous system automatically commands the torso to initiate every movement, leaving the mind entirely clear to enjoy the fluid sensation of internal energy.

Yes it’s DIFFICULT

Difficult but here’s a Square & Round Form Intro. 

You are absolutely right. Learning Tai Chi sequences as an adult can feel like learning a complex dance in slow motion while also trying to solve a puzzle with your feet. Unlike "gym" workouts, Tai Chi relies on proprioception—your brain’s ability to know where your limbs are in space without looking at them. 

Here is why it is uniquely challenging and some science-backed strategies to make the memory "stick."

At first, the most difficult aspect of learning Classical Tai Chi is learning to remain still while moving, or more broadly, the mental and physical challenge of developing internal discipline

(moving from the core) rather than relying on external force. 

This difficulty arises because it requires breaking long-held habits of using shoulder and arm muscles and instead engaging deep abdominal and back muscles to drive movement. 

Key Difficulties for Beginners in This System:

• Remaining Still (Stillness in Motion):As noted in Master Hwa's training method, the square form trains the yin/yang principle where movement in one part of the body requires stillness in others. Teaching a student to stay "still" is often harder than instructing them to move.
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• Shifting to Internal Power: Beginners mistakenly try to use external, muscular power (legs and arms) like in other martial arts, which Hwa notes makes them weaker and slower.
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• Understanding the "Square Form":
• Beginners must first master the slow,, precise movements of the "square form" as a blueprint, which acts as a foundational training method to teach internal discipline before progressing to the "round form".
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• Mental Focus: It requires immense mental effort to re-engage a long-neglected nervous system in the torso (core). 
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The ultimate goal, which is difficult to master, is to integrate the limbs with the core so that internal energy circulates continuously throughout the body during form playing.

The “NOT” moving

 In Classical Tai Chi, the "NOT" moving at the junction of Yin and Yang represents the essential principle of Internal Discipline. The "junction" is a specific area in the torso or joints—such as the waist or upper-quarter body—where the stationary "Yin" (supporting structure) connects with the active "Yang" (moving part). 

This concept can be understood through the following key points:

• Fast Relaxation/Energization: The "not moving" (stillness) at this junction is not passive. It requires rapid relaxation—called Song (松)—to release tension and "energizing" to maintain the structure at the same speed or faster than the moving Yang part.
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• The Goal is Internal Power: When the junction is held still and relaxed, it allows the internal energy (Qi) to compress and flow across that point, creating a "whirlpool" or spring-like effect. This builds immense internal energy in a relaxed body, which can be instantly released.
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• Preventing "Double Weighting": It is the "pivot point" where one side of the body acts as a support, allowing the other to move freely. Your body will not be “double weighted”, aka “double heavy”. Being still at junctions will enable this, and your balance will be maintained. 
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• Distinction Between Yin and Yang: Master Stephen Hwa emphasizes that to distinguish between stillness and motion truly, the Yin part must not move at all, while the Yang moves. As Yang is "hidden" within the stillness of Yin, the contrast between them is heightened, which is key to developing Fajin (the release of power).
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• How it feels: When performed correctly, the practitioner feels a stretching sensation and intense energy flowing across the junction in an otherwise relaxed body. 

In summary, this concept means the junction should not move externally, but must remain dynamically alive and "ready" through instantaneous relaxation and structural integrity. 

The true cause of "double weighting"

The Tai Chi Classics say: “Anyone who has spent years of practice and still cannot neutralize and is always controlled by his opponent, has not apprehended the fault of double heavy. To avoid this fault one must distinguish yin from yang". 

In meeting a student, I watched his Tai Chi form and his standing still.   At one point, the student asked me to correct his stance, he then took the opportunity to “correct” mine.   I observed from several different angles that he would stand and move with a step size of three-foot lengths and more, (this is typically a large frame stance).  In addition, I observed that he used a pushing motion to shift his weight and in the “sit-back” posture would not work to obtain a “crease” in the front of the trousers at the pelvic area.  He actually would sit back in a perfectly perpendicular stance, typical of large frame tai chi.

Typically, I will stand in either a Compact or Tight-compact form with the step size ranging from one and a half foot lengths to two and a half foot lengths.  The photo above illustrates this step size.  From a view that is looking down at the feet ( the only angle from where the practitioner was looking), it may appear that the feet are double weighted, particularly to a beginner.  This, however, is one of the very important advantages of the Classical Tai Chi footwork.  It is indeed hard to determine where the practitioner’s weight is, that is also a very important strategic advantage. From these compact positions I can lift either foot in a split second, a great advantage for speed and fluidity.

In thinking about this article, I decided to research the term “double weighted” in numerous books which I list below.  After sifting through all of them, one thing began to stand out and that was their ignorance of their own limitations.  In every case the author makes a claim that a student can become aware of their own weight distribution and work to correct double weighting.  The common thread in all these is that “double-weighting” occurs at a moment in time when the weight is equal on two sides of the body.

They ascertain what they think double weighting looks like but what they fail to ascertain however is the root cause of the double weighting.  The root cause of double weighting is the “pushing from the back foot” in going forward and “push from the front foot” in going backward in a large frame that the vast majority of practitioners engage in while moving.   

The root cause I speak of is a direct result of this pushing because both feet are literally glued/frozen to the ground until the act of pushing is completed.  A foot that is stuck to the ground, cannot be picked up and moved…hence the stance is double weighted. 

As I observed in the student’s own stance in performing the Tai Chi form and stance in push hands,  the root cause comes from a large frame stance.  The act of pushing is also a built-in facet of large frame stances, in other words, the large frame has to push in order to move…it cannot use the feet to pull.  The pull in those stances is ineffectual simply because the larger size of the stance inhibits the act of pulling.  To compound the ignorance, practitioner’s of large frame insist that they are doing an “internal” art when what they are really doing is external.  It takes no internal movement of the core to push with the back leg, if that were true then the everyday act of walking would intrinsically be an internal martial art.  Walking defined by one author as the act of controlled falling because of all the momentum one has to generate in order to keep thrusting one leg in front of another.  This done not only to move but to stay erect while moving.

On the contrary, one can make the act of everyday walking into an internal art by adapting the Classical Tai Chi walk with its important characteristics of 1.) Using a “pull” walking motion, 2.) Keeping the body center of gravity under control, not allowing it to fall forward as defined as normal walking (we must eschew the act of controlled “falling”), 3.) Bodyweight stays back until foot (whether in front or back) is flat on the ground, then one pulls…one does not land the foot either on the heel or toe.

I find it interesting that some really good information on double weighting came from my teacher’s own book: “Uncovering the Treasure” by Stephen Hwa.  The information comes from subjects in the book however that large frame practitioners would never associate with double weighting…namely the subject of “pushing”.  PP., 48, 103 and 122 will find the use of the word “pushing” associated with double weightedness.

P. 122:  If you wish to stick to an opponent, you cannot push with the back or front foot and expect to be fluid enough to follow their movement.  The act of pushing will always lead to double weight.

P. 103:  One can certainly generate (jin or even fa jin) force from a pushing leg in a large frame, but it still leads inevitably to a double weight situation.

P. 48:  Back foot pushing as front foot lands on heel is a major contributor to slps and falls and in that situation the stance is double weighted.

Actually, if one wishes to "push" an opponent, it is best done with the front foot off the ground so that the pushing force goes directly into the opponent not to the ground to be double weighted.  As my teacher says, "pushing is always strongest in the upward direction, look at what track and field sprinters do before starting...they crouch".

My references include:

Arthur Orawski in : Tai Chi a personal learning experience, pg. 1165, 1996

Ray Pawlett in The Tai Chi Handbook, pg. 83

Lawrence Galante in Tai Chi, The Supreme Ultimate, pg. 83

Additional “double weighted” references:

Black Belt Magazine October 1987 article by  Wei Lun Huang
he Essential Movements of Tai Chi”, p. 24, John Kotsias 

The Tai Chi Book, p. 36 Robert Chuckrow

Additional references:

Complete Tai Chi, p. 87 Alfred Huang

Hwa yu tai chi, p. 80, Glenn Newth 

Gateway to the Miraculous, p.115 by Wolfe Lowenthal

Sunrise Tai Chi,  p. 6, Ramel Rones