Xièxiè Hwa Shifu & Shimu

 

My teacher, Master Stephen Hwa, and his wife, Eva Koepsell (Eva M. Hwa), have dedicated decades of admirable work to preserving, deconstructing, and standardizing the internal art of Classical Wu-Style Small Circle Tai Chi. Practitioners widely celebrate Master Hwa for his deep generosity, structured teaching methodology, and exceptional devotion to keeping an ancient lineage alive so it is not lost to time. 

Together, their collective and individual contributions have vastly enhanced the modern practice and accessibility of Classical Tai Chi: 

Systematizing and Demystifying the Art

• Applying Scientific Analysis: Utilizing his professional background with a PhD in Engineering, Master Hwa stripped away the overly mystified, ethereal language often used in martial arts. He replaced it with logical, physiological explanations that non-experts can comprehend.
• The "Square Form" Blueprint: He has actively advanced the Classical Tai Chi Square Form for beginners. This rigid, precise training style breaks movements down step-by-step to prevent shortcuts, acting as a crucial foundation for the fluid "Round Form". The Square Form as a “Blueprint” is a treasure for the ages and helps preserve the integrity of Classical Tai Chi Forms. 
• Deconstructing Internal Discipline: He provided exhaustive instructional materials detailing how true Tai Chi power originates entirely from the body's core (the abdomen and spine), rather than from isolated muscle groups like the shoulders and arms. 

Authoring Core Literature and Curricula

• "Uncovering the Treasure": Master Hwa authored the seminal book, Uncovering the Treasure: Classical Tai Chi's Path to Internal Energy & Health, summarizing 50+ years of personal discovery and Wu-style lineage teachings. 
• Digital Video Instruction: He produced an expansive library of meticulously designed online courses and instructional DVDs on platforms such as CLASSICALTAICHI.COM, PAYHIP.COM, and YouTube, breaking down complex forms for home practitioners.
• Accessible Health Exercises: Recognizing that not everyone can learn 108 complex movements, he created simplified, shorter routines focused specifically on back pain, lower-body stamina, and overall vitality. 

Operational and Community Support

• Behind-the-Scenes Infrastructure: While Master Hwa serves as the Master Instructor, his wife, Eva, has provided decades of vital administrative support, co-ownership, and operational management to keep Classical Tai Chi running smoothly as an organization. 
• Fostering a Global Community: Through their joint endeavors, they established global outreach structures—including traveling to offer free workshops and creating dedicated communication groups—to ensure students worldwide can receive direct guidance and exchange experiences.

Ms. Eva Koepsell is widely recognized as a dedicated practitioner, advocate, and educator for Classical Tai Chi. 

Through her decades of community service, she has been a central pillar in preserving and spreading the knowledge of Classical Small Circle Tai Chi. Her efforts have bridged the technical expertise of Master Hwa with a global community of students through several key avenues: 

Community Contributions

Forum Moderation & Guidance: In the Classical Tai Chi Forum and the Yahoo Email Group, she directed new and long-time practitioners to educational resources and explained fundamental principles. To say “actively engaged” would be an understatement for 師母 (Mandarin: “Shīmǔ Eva Koepsell”), Master Hwa’s wife. 

• Email Group Coordination: Managing and sustaining long-running communication networks, the Classical Tai Chi Yahoo Email Group that connects practitioners worldwide.
• Written Articles & Commentary: Producing insightful written content and educational commentaries that analyze the mechanics, physiological safety, and health benefits of internal martial arts. I will always be grateful for her published article in Tai Chi Magazine, “Learning the Internal Dynamics of Tai Chi.” 

Neuromuscular Re-education

 

Walking is “Premier” 

(”Classical Tai Chi Walking Exercise”, a Master Stephen Hwa video)

In Classical Tai Chi (specifically the Small Frame/Small Circle Wu Style), "Internal Discipline" serves as a bridge to connect with the long-neglected nervous system of the torso. 

Most people operate using a "top-down" approach, relying entirely on the motor cortex to move external extremities, such as the arms and shoulders. Because we rarely isolate or consciously control the deep, intrinsic muscles of our abdomen, back, and spine, the neural pathways to these regions remain largely dormant or "neglected". 

Classical Tai Chi methodology awakens this part of the central nervous system through a highly structured neuromuscular re-education process. 

1. Intense Inward Focus and Neuromuscular Control 

To initiate a true internal movement, a beginner cannot rely on habit. They must focus their mind intensely inward to find and activate hidden muscle groups. For example, instead of pushing a hand forward using the shoulder and arm (an external movement), Classical Tai Chi dictates that the arm and shoulder remain relaxed and completely stationary relative to each other. The entire upper quarter of the body is instead pushed forward by pressing the abdominal muscles back and engaging the deep back muscles. This demanding neuromuscular coordination forces the brain to build entirely new neural pathways to the torso.

2. The Yin-Yang Junction Exercise

According to Stephen Hwa, every true internal movement relies on a physical counterpart of opposite nature: a moving part (Yang) working against a stationary part (Yin) that provides the structural support. 

• The Torso as the Anchor: The biological junction where Yin and Yang meet is always located within the torso (the waist or the upper-quarter body).
• Neural Feedback Loop: By keeping one part of the torso completely still while another micro-moves, the practitioner registers an intense, localized sensation of stretching and energy circulation. This precise mechanical tension sends a clear, powerful stream of sensory feedback up the spinal canal to the brain, mapping out areas of the body that were previously "numb" to our awareness. 

3. Micro-Movements of the Spine and Vertebrae

In many standard Tai Chi practices, the torso moves as one rigid block. Master Hwa's training teaches isolated movements along individual vertebrae, such as "folding" the spine, in which one side of the spine folds inward while the other remains anchored. Operating at this level of physical detail requires and develops an incredibly fine-tuned degree of motor-nerve control over the axial skeleton and paraspinal muscles.

4. Shifting from a "Pushing" to a "Pulling" Walking Model 

The nervous system of the lower torso is heavily impacted by how we walk. Standard walking relies on "pushing" our body mass forward, which often jams the lower joints, tightens the fascia, and irritates nerves (like the sciatic nerve).

• Classical Tai Chi Walk forces the body to stay straight and step out without shifting weight forward yet.
• Once the foot touches the ground, the practitioner uses the deep core and abdominal muscles to pull the pelvis and body weight forward.
• This pulling action decompresses the spine, opens up dense tissue, and relieves chronic nerve compression in the lower back and torso.

5. Transitioning to Subconscious Mastery

It takes time, but "bottom-up" practice becomes habitual. You had to slow down your mental concentration to reach complete reliance on the subconscious. At this stage, the practitioner no longer has to "think" about moving from their core; the nervous system automatically commands the torso to initiate every movement, leaving the mind entirely clear to enjoy the fluid sensation of internal energy.

Slow-Motion Fighting

 

One inch punch was learned slowly, a video

(see 2:20 the punch demo)

Slow learning video for the punch

(see 8:20 to learn)

Why do people poke fun and express derision at the slow movements of Classical Tai Chi?

People often poke fun at or express derision toward the slow movements of Classical Tai Chi because, as assumed with any Tai Chi, they contrast sharply with modern, westernized, and stereotypical views of "effective" exercise or martial arts. The ridicule typically stems from a lack of understanding of its internal principles, its common branding as a gentle "park exercise," and its often-slow, public performances. 

Misunderstood and mocked:

1. Many martial misconceptions

• "Slow-Motion Fighting" Joke: The assumption is that because the training is slow, the fighting is slow. Said to the bully: “We can absolutely go loutside and settle this, but it will have to be in slow motion!"
• Comparison to "Hard" Styles: People often compare Classical Tai Chi to fast, high-impact arts like boxing, MMA, or karate. The lack of punching speed and visible sweating often results in it being dismissed as ineffective for self-defense.
• Viral "Master" Failures: Online videos fuel the perception that the art is a joke because so-called “Masters” get beaten up. 

2. Lack of Visible Effort

• "Just Waving Arms": To an untrained eye, Tai Chi can look like "slow-motion dancing" or simple stretching. The profound effort involved in moving from the waist and managing internal structure is invisible to observers.
• Misunderstood Goal: Observers focus on speed and strength (external) rather than focus, balance, and energy flow (internal), leading to the belief that it is not a "real workout". 

3. The "Park Exercise" Stereotype

• Association with Older People: Well known and widely promoted for seniors' health and fall prevention, it is often dismissed by younger generations as a "lazy" or "old person's" activity rather than a rigorous discipline. 

4. The Reality of the Slow Motion

• Why Slow? Slowness is a training method designed to enhance proprioception, strengthen small stabilizing muscles, and improve focus, allowing practitioners to learn the techniques perfectly before speeding them up.
• "Slow to Go Fast": Practitioners often train in slow motion to build up the ability to react faster than they otherwise could, a concept that is counterintuitive to many people. 

While it is frequently treated as a "gentle, meditative" practice today, Tai Chi was historically developed for combat, and its slow movements are considered a form of intense, internal, and often highly effective martial training. Classical Wu’s Style Tai Chi was developed by Grandmasters of the Wu family who were officers in the Imperial Palace guard.  

If Annoyed you are Forcing it

 

How to do Internal Video

The process of learning and development in  Classical Tai Chi is one of being wrong a lot, with corrections you don't immediately understand. Being annoyed is natural, but it also hinders progress.

That is a spot-on assessment of Stephen Hwa’s approach. In his "Classical Tai Chi" (which emphasizes the internal movements of the Small Circle), the learning curve is notoriously steep because it demands a total rewire of how you move your body.

Here is why that "being wrong" phase is so persistent—and how to handle the frustration:

1. The "Internal" vs. "External" Conflict

Most people start by moving their limbs. In Hwa’s lineage (from Young Wabu), the movement must start from the core (the "Dan Tian" and lower back) and radiate out to the limbs. When you get a correction like "don't move your arm," it feels nonsensical because your arm clearly just moved. What the instructor really means is "don't move your arm using your shoulder muscles; move it because your torso rotated."Understanding that distinction takes time for the nervous system to process.

2. The Micro-Correction Trap

Because Classical Tai Chi focuses on "internal squareness" and precise frame alignment, a correction might be about a half-inch shift in your hip or a slight tuck of the tailbone. When you’re told you’re "wrong" for the tenth time on the same move, it’s because you're likely using compensatory movements—muscles jumping in to help. After all, the core isn't strong or coordinated enough yet. [1]

3. Why Annoyance Hinders You

• Physical Tension: Frustration triggers the "fight or flight" response, which tightens the very muscles (shoulders, neck, thighs) that you are trying to relax (Song). You cannot feel internal mechanics through a wall of tense muscle.
• Mental Narrowing: When annoyed, we tend to focus on the result (getting the move right) rather than the process (feeling the connection).

A Better Mindset

Instead of viewing corrections as "being wrong," see them as "data points for your nervous system."

• Accept the Lag: There is always a delay between hearing a correction and your brain actually being able to "find" the muscle required to fix it.
• The "Slow is Fast" Rule: Stephen Hwa often emphasizes slow, deliberate practice. If you find yourself getting annoyed, it’s usually a sign you are trying to "force" the Tai Chi. Back off the intensity, breathe, and let the correction sit in the back of your mind rather than trying to conquer it instantly.

It’s essentially a process of unlearning old habits, which is always more frustrating than learning new ones. 

Yes it’s DIFFICULT

Difficult but here’s a Square & Round Form Intro. 

You are absolutely right. Learning Tai Chi sequences as an adult can feel like learning a complex dance in slow motion while also trying to solve a puzzle with your feet. Unlike "gym" workouts, Tai Chi relies on proprioception—your brain’s ability to know where your limbs are in space without looking at them. 

Here is why it is uniquely challenging and some science-backed strategies to make the memory "stick."

At first, the most difficult aspect of learning Classical Tai Chi is learning to remain still while moving, or more broadly, the mental and physical challenge of developing internal discipline

(moving from the core) rather than relying on external force. 

This difficulty arises because it requires breaking long-held habits of using shoulder and arm muscles and instead engaging deep abdominal and back muscles to drive movement. 

Key Difficulties for Beginners in This System:

• Remaining Still (Stillness in Motion):As noted in Master Hwa's training method, the square form trains the yin/yang principle where movement in one part of the body requires stillness in others. Teaching a student to stay "still" is often harder than instructing them to move.
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• Shifting to Internal Power: Beginners mistakenly try to use external, muscular power (legs and arms) like in other martial arts, which Hwa notes makes them weaker and slower.
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• Understanding the "Square Form":
• Beginners must first master the slow,, precise movements of the "square form" as a blueprint, which acts as a foundational training method to teach internal discipline before progressing to the "round form".
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• Mental Focus: It requires immense mental effort to re-engage a long-neglected nervous system in the torso (core). 
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The ultimate goal, which is difficult to master, is to integrate the limbs with the core so that internal energy circulates continuously throughout the body during form playing.

The “NOT” moving

 In Classical Tai Chi, the "NOT" moving at the junction of Yin and Yang represents the essential principle of Internal Discipline. The "junction" is a specific area in the torso or joints—such as the waist or upper-quarter body—where the stationary "Yin" (supporting structure) connects with the active "Yang" (moving part). 

This concept can be understood through the following key points:

• Fast Relaxation/Energization: The "not moving" (stillness) at this junction is not passive. It requires rapid relaxation—called Song (松)—to release tension and "energizing" to maintain the structure at the same speed or faster than the moving Yang part.
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• The Goal is Internal Power: When the junction is held still and relaxed, it allows the internal energy (Qi) to compress and flow across that point, creating a "whirlpool" or spring-like effect. This builds immense internal energy in a relaxed body, which can be instantly released.
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• Preventing "Double Weighting": It is the "pivot point" where one side of the body acts as a support, allowing the other to move freely. Your body will not be “double weighted”, aka “double heavy”. Being still at junctions will enable this, and your balance will be maintained. 
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• Distinction Between Yin and Yang: Master Stephen Hwa emphasizes that to distinguish between stillness and motion truly, the Yin part must not move at all, while the Yang moves. As Yang is "hidden" within the stillness of Yin, the contrast between them is heightened, which is key to developing Fajin (the release of power).
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• How it feels: When performed correctly, the practitioner feels a stretching sensation and intense energy flowing across the junction in an otherwise relaxed body. 

In summary, this concept means the junction should not move externally, but must remain dynamically alive and "ready" through instantaneous relaxation and structural integrity.